1. Nsakrae a ɛba carbohydrates mu wɔ .Afiri a wɔde yi aduan a ɛyɛ skru abien .
Carbohydrate ne ade titiriw a ɛwɔ aduan mu, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ 60 kosi 70% wɔ aduan mu, enti ɛno ne ade titiriw a ɛka aduan a wɔde ahyɛ mu no su. Wobetumi akyekyɛ carbohydrates mu ayɛ no starch, fiber, hydrocolloid ne asikre sɛnea ne molecule mu duru, ne nhyehyɛe ne ne honam fam ne nnuru te. Wɔn nsakraeɛ ne dwumadie wɔ extrusion nhyehyɛeɛ mu no yɛ soronko (Xu Xueming, 1995).
1) Starch a efi skru a wɔde twitwa nneɛma abien mu no betumi ama 1-4 glycosidic bonds a ɛwɔ starch molecules mu no apaapae ma ayɛ nneɛma a emu duru sua te sɛ glucose, maltose, maltotriose ne maltodextrin, na ɛde starch a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔayi afi mu no so atew aba. Nanso, nkɛntɛnso titiriw a extrusion nya wɔ starch so ne sɛ ɛbɛma nneɛma a ɛwɔ molecule no ntam no ayɛ kɛse. Starch a ɛyɛ gelatin a etu mpɔn no ma ɛnyɛ sɛ aduru a wɔde yi aduan fi mu no tu mpɔn nko, na mmom ɛma aduan no granulation yɛ mmerɛw, na ɛnam so ma aduan a wɔde ma no yɛ papa.
2) Fiber fibers no bi ne cellulose, hemicellulose, ne lignin, a mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ aduan a wɔde hyɛ mu. Esiane nneɛma ahorow ne nhyehyɛe tebea horow a ɛwɔ fiber raw nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma ma extrusion ne extrusion nti, wɔabɔ nhoma ahorow a ɛfa nsakrae a ɛba fiber dodow mu wɔ bere a wɔrefi mu no ho amanneɛ kɛse. Fornal ne ne mfɛfo nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ buckwheat ne barley, Wang ne wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma bom ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ awi ne awi bran ho no kyerɛe sɛ fiber dodow a ɛwɔ mu akyi no so tew, bere a Bjorck (1984) ne Ostergard (1989) de n’adwene sii whole wheat esiam ne who wheat so. Nea efii awi esiam ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ extrusion mu bae no ne nea ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no bɔ abira pɛpɛɛpɛ; Ɛdefa Silijestron (1986) ne Schweizer (1986) ho no, wogye di sɛ fiber a ɛwɔ awi esiam a wɔayam no nyinaa mu nyinaa nsakra bere a wɔrefi mu no. Nanso, nea efii nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ fiber no su mu nsakrae ho bae wɔ bere a wɔreyɛ extrusion no mu no yɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ aduan mu nhama dodow a ɛtumi nwura mu no kɔ soro kakra wɔ extrusion akyi, na nkɔanim a ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa yɛ bɛyɛ 3%. Wang ne wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma bom no yɛ soronko wɔ tebea horow mu. Adesua mu aba a efi fiber nsakrae mu wɔ squash awi ne awi bran extrusion akyi. Nea efi mu ba yi fi ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro, nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro ne shear a ɛkorɔn wɔ extrusion nhyehyɛe no mu, a ɛma valence bond cleavage, molecular cleavage ne molecular polarity nsakrae ba. Esiane sɛ aduan mu nhama a ɛtumi nwura mu no wɔ nipadua mu nkɛntɛnsoɔ soronko wɔ nnipa akwahosan so (Gordon, R. Huber, 1991; Cummings, JH, 1978.) nti, akyinnyeɛ biara nni ho sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan pa a wɔfa so nya aduane mu nhama denam afiri a wɔde yi mmoa so, nanso sɛ ɛyɛ adeɛ korɔ wɔ mmoa ho anaa. Wɔmmɔ nkɛntɛnso a dwensɔtwaa no nyinaa nya no ho amanneɛ.
3) Wɔde hydrocolloids colloids di dwuma titiriw wɔ aquafeeds extrusion a wɔyɛ no mu. Mpɛn pii no, hydrocolloids te sɛ gum Arabic, pectin, agar, carrageenan, ne sodium alginate na ɛwɔ hɔ. Mpɛn pii no, tumi a wɔwɔ sɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ gels no so bɛtew bere a wɔapaapae mu akyi. Hydrophilic su ahorow bere a extrusion no nso bɛka amanne kwan so extrusion tebea horow no, atew nsu a ɛyɛ hyew ne nwini dodow a ɛwɔ extruded product no mu, na ama texture su a ɛwɔ product no mu no atu mpɔn. Wɔ ade pɔtee bi ho no, wosusuw nneɛma te sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, gelation, emulsifying, hydration rate, dispersibility, anofe, adwumayɛ tebea, particle size, ne fibea a ɛwɔ ade no fibea ho yiye bere a wɔrepaw hydrophilic colloid.
Extruded mpataa aduan pellet afiri,apataa aduan afiri,floating mpataa aduan afiri .